Renaissance from Brunelleschi to michelangelo and palladio.

The era known to us as the Renaissance began approximately around the beginning of the fifteenth century, in Florence. The philosophy behind the whole movement is one of "rebirth" or the re-establishing of ancient classical culture.

Following the collapse of the Roman civilization much of Europe fell into decline, losing a great deal of information concerning that period. Therefore knowledge concerning the architecture of that age could only be acquired via the classical ruins that litter the Italian landscape; and through the writings of the Roman architect Vitruvius. In this period of time they weren't only learning from Romans, they also had their own invention. We can say that they learn from Romans ,followed Gothic and came up with their own method.

Thus one of the greatest (and most fundamental) achievements of the renaissance is the rediscovery of the basic elements of classical architectural design, especially those concerning construction. The results of this achievement can be seen in the construction of buildings such as Florence Duomo.< Begun in 1294, the Florentine people almost exceeded the limit of their abilities in their enthusiasm to build an impressively large Cathedral, and consequently could find no method to cover it. Which was completed by the guy who was being condemn as crazy person, Brunelleschi.

Although less well-known today than Leonardo's Canon of proportion and Michelangelo's David, Brunelleschi creation is a uniquely tangible expression of the Renaissance's celebration of the divine power of the individual. But Brunelleschi's genius didn't end with revolutionary design for the Florence Duomo. The engineering and construction of the dome, which was impossible in architecture history in the fifteenth-century. If we compare to technological at that time, it was equivalent of putting a man on the moon. And thanks to his insight into the lost classical wisdom of perspective and proportion not only facilitated a visual expression of the times' empowerment of the individual, but exerted an influence on all of the arts of the Renaissance that cannot be overstated.

florence duomo

The second person that people would recognized more than his hero is Michelangelo who was in the period of late Renaissance.  He is being admired as a good architect, painter, sculptor, and philosopher. His style in architecture was influrence by Brunelleschi, however, he broke away from him because he was more expressive than his master so he was kind of broke down symmetry.

He had commission to built the second st. peter basilica, which is so famous nowadays, after Bramante who is worth to remember and admired for his way of using technique that adopted from Brunelleschi's perspective called "Trompe-l'œil" which mean 'deceive the eye'. He was using this technique in the choir of the church of  Santa Maria presso San Satrio. Space was limited, and Bramante made a theatrical apse in bas relief, combining the painterly arts of perspective with Roman details.

The interior with the Bramantesque perspective

                                          
 Back to Michelangelo his works were dense if we compare to both Bramante and Brunelleschi, it might be because he was concerned about the way people look at his work. He wanted his work to be expressive that's why people said that "David" is so perfect even if all of the propotion of the sculpture doesn't fit hum dimension.

David,Michelangelo

Another piece of architecture that used a really interesting technique that Michelangelo was built is " Campidogilo" where is located in between the "Roman Forum" and "Campus Martius". So the both of the existing places can't be torn down and the site that was left wasn't symmetry as well, the site was a trapezoid. So he used the technique of compression to convey the the axis and exxagrated perspective of the place include the building toward the city <Rome>.
                                                                   

Capitol Hill, Rome, Michelangelo

Capitol hill photo, Rome

And the last and Most successful people in the profession of architecture would be " Andre Palladio" He was into Brunelleschi than Michelangelo <maybe more respectful in terms of adapting the theory>. He is obviously much more famous than Brunelleschi because he actually put himself into architecture theory, by referring to how he adapted the principle of Vituvius to suit the condition of his period. <reffering to The four books of architecture>

The example of his masterpiece would be "Villa La Rotunda" where it was located on the ideal site <in the sacred cut>. The design is for a completely symmetrical building having a square plan with four facades, which is contained within an imaginary circle which touches each corner of the building. <Brunelleschi's stategy>. This villa actually reflected the obvious concerned about "Humanism" in Renaissance because the way he expressed that mankind could be in the center by the plan. As well as the way he lifted up the stereo base like Greek to expressed that "Man is the center of the world".

SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS

• THE FIRST TO ACHIEVE AND COMMUNICATE A FULL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PERSPECTIVE IN ART AND DESIGN.

• BUILT THE LARGEST DOME EVER KNOWN, ONLY EXCEEDED WHEN TWENTIETH CENTURY BUILDING MATERIALS LIKE STEEL AND CONCRETE BECAME AVAILABLE

• DESIGNED MACHINE THAT WAS  SO AHEAD OF THEIR TIME THAT SOME WERE NOT IMPROVED UNTIL NINETEENTH CENTURY.

• CONCERNED ABOUT ARCHITECTURE HISTORY AND ADAPTED TO THEIR OWN TIME.

• BEGAN TO CONCERNED ABOUT HUMAN NOT JUST PROPOTION BUT ALSO THE WAY THEY VAULE MAN TO GOD.